OSU masthead and toolbar

BPRC News and Upcoming Events

Lonnie and Ellen Thompson win Dan David Prize

February 12, 2008

The Thompson's were = awarded=20 the 2008 Dan David Prize today. The=20 Dan David Prize, given annually by Tel Aviv University in Israel, = awards a=20 prize of US$1 million to each of three recipients for achievements = having an=20 outstanding scientific, technological, cultural or social impact in the = world.=20 Each year fields are chosen within three "time dimensions": Past, = Present and=20 Future. The Thompson's were announced as laureates in the Future=20 (Geosciences) category.

From the announcement:

"The 2008 Dan David Prize honors Ellen=20 Mosley-Thompson and Lonnie G. Thompson, = jointly, in=20 the field of Geosciences for their separate and joint = efforts=20 in studying the geological and environmental records in ice cores = ranging from=20 the polar regions to the highest tropical and subtropical mountains on = six=20 continents and remote islands; and for providing high-resolution = environmental=20 histories that contribute to the understanding of complex interactions = in the=20 Earth's outer envelopes, such as the fast melting of mountain glaciers = worldwide=20 and the retreat and disintegration of polar icecaps."

Category: Accomplishments
Posted: 02/14/2008 at = 01:41:07=20 EST by Wesley Haines

Spring 2008 Course Offerings

Spring 2008 Course Offerings from Geology and = BPRC:

Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry: EarthSci = 622
5=20 credit hours
Instructor: Dr. Andr=E9a G. Grottoli, Assistant = Professor (Grottoli.1@osu.edu)
Schedule: = TR=20 11:30am - 1:18pm, plus 1 hour lab TBA; room ML252
Call number: = 17442-2

Interdepartmental Seminar in Polar and Alpine Studies:
The = Uncertain=20 Future of Ice: Exploring Sources of Uncertainty in Prognostic Models of = the=20 Cryosphere: Earth Sci. 896
Instructor: Dr. Ian = Howat,=20 Assistant Professor (ihowat@gmail.com)=20
Schedule: 3 hours/week, time and place TBA. Please contact Dr. = Howat=20 with any questions.

Category: Courses
Posted: 02/06/2008 at 17:55:59 = EST by=20 Wesley Haines

Publication: Unknown Waters

I thought the Byrd Polar Research Center might be = interested in my forthcoming book, Unknown Waters, A Firsthand = Account=20 of the Historic Under-Ice Survey of the Siberian Continental Shelf by = USS=20 Queenfish (SSN-651). It is scheduled to be released by the = University=20 of Alabama Press to book dealers/sellers in February of = 2008. The late=20 Captain William R. Anderson, skipper of USS Nautilus (SSN-571) = during=20 her historic 1958 transpolar voyage wrote the foreword and Clive = Cussler=20 (famous writer and discoverer of the Confederate submarine = Hunley), Dr.=20 Don Walsh (Mariannas Trench dive in Trieste in 1960 with=20 Piccard) , Gary Weir - former Historian of the U. S. Navy, and = Admirals=20 John H. Nicholson (USS Sargo - 1st all-winter Arctic Ocean = expedition) and George Steele (USS Seadragon - 1st survey of = the=20 Northwest Passage and 1st Atlantic to Pacific Transpolar voyage) have = all=20 written superb "book jacket" comments.

&nbs= p; = ; = &= nbsp; &n= bsp; =20 Alfred S. McLaren

&nbs= p; = ; = &= nbsp; &n= bsp; =20 Captain, USN (Ret.), Ph.D.

&nbs= p; = ; = &= nbsp; &n= bsp; =20 alfredsmclaren@aol.com

Category: Research and Publications
Posted: = 01/04/2008 at=20 14:53:06 EST by Alfred S. McLaren, Captain, U.S. Navy (Ret,),=20 Ph.D.

Winter Quarter Class Offering - Topics in Climatology

Dr. David Porinchu is leading a seminar next quarter, = 820.03:=20 Topics in Climatology, in which he will focus on the IPCC = (2007)=20 report. He is interested in facilitating an interdisciplinary = seminar that=20 would be of interest to physical, natural and social scientists working = on=20 environmental issues centered on climate and climate change. The = seminar=20 is designed to include a diverse set of students who will be willing to = engage=20 in discussion pertaining to both the bio-physical aspects of climate = change and=20 the social and political processes that lead to the creation of the IPCC = report.

Anyone interested in: climate change research, how = climate=20 change research is communicated to the public, or how climate change = research is=20 applied to address or direct societal concerns is encouraged to = contribute to=20 this seminar. Some familiarity with climate science and/or policy is = desirable,=20 but the class will be accessible to all students with an interest in = climate=20 and/or environmental policy. Class assignments can be personalized to = address=20 the specific interests of your own work/research.

Sample = topics of=20 discussion include:

Addressing "climate skeptics"
Defining,describing and understanding "uncertainty"
Providing a long-term context for climate change
Future climate scenarios and regional variability
The process and creation of the report

Please = contact Dr.=20 Porinchu (porinchu.1@osu.edu = or=20 247-2614) if you would like more details. The date and time of the = weekly=20 seminar meetings will be made in consultation with the participating=20 students.

Category: Courses
Posted: 12/10/2007 at 14:04:54 = EST by=20 David Porinchu

Jason Box interviewed in Greenland on The Today Show

Jason Box, glaciologist and climatologist at the Byrd Polar Research = Center,=20 appeared on The Today Show on NBC this morning. Matt Lauer reports from=20 Greenland on the abrupt melting of Greenland's ice cap. The Today Show = is=20 exploring climate change in a segment called Ends of the=20 Earth, which is running from 7:00 - 9:00 AM on Monday = November 5th=20 and Tuesday November 6th.

To view Jason's segment, visit the Ends of the Earth = website and=20 click on the Matt Lauer reports from Greenland video = under=20 "View from the Arctic".

Category: Polar News
Posted: 11/06/2007 at 13:51:10 = EST=20 by Wesley Haines

Ice, Ice, Baby =97 CReSIS in the news

Cheri Hamilton, the Outreach Coordinator for the Center for Remote = Sensing=20 of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) at our partner institution at the University of = Kansas,=20 was featured on the evening news in Topeka, KS, last week. View the = video.

Category: Education and Outreach
Posted: 11/05/2007 = at=20 16:54:59 EST by Kees van der Veen

BPRC Director W. Berry Lyons to receive the Lowell Thomas Award

"Two National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded scientists, a U.S. = Antarctic=20 Program glaciologist and a recipient of the national Medal of Science, = will=20 receive the Lowell Thomas Award from the New York-based Explorers Club = on Oct.=20 18 in recognition of their work at the frontiers of climate = research.

The awards are presented by the president of the Explorers Club to = groups of=20 outstanding explorers who have distinguished themselves in a particular = field.=20 Five of this year's eight awardees are federal government scientists or = receive=20 their primary funding from the federal government. This year's awards = theme is=20 'Exploring Climate Change.'"

"W. Berry Lyons, an NSF grantee, director of the = Byrd Polar=20 Research Center at Ohio State University and lead principal investigator = for the=20 McMurdo Dry valleys Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) project will be = honored=20 for his studies of the geochemistry of global climate change."

For more information: Explorers Club to Honor NSF-Funded Researchers and=20 Glaciologist for Climate-Science Breakthroughs

Category: Accomplishments
Posted: 10/12/2007 at = 15:32:48=20 EDT by Wesley Haines

Central Day (Professional Development) at BPRC on Oct. 19

On Friday, Oct. 19th, Rachel and Carol will host two 3-hour = sessions about=20 climate change in the Learning Center for area teachers on "Central = Day", the=20 release day for professional development for most Central Ohio school = districts.=20 Teachers can regis= ter=20 on-line.

Registration deadline is Friday, Oct. 12th. =

Category: Education and Outreach
Posted: 10/12/2007 = at=20 15:32:43 EDT by Carol

Special BPRC Lecture on Wednesday, Oct. 17 at 3:30

Dr. Michael Van Woert will be interviewing for the BPRC = Directorship Oct.=20 17-19.=20

He will give a lecture on Wed. Oct. 17 at 3:30pm in = Room 240=20 Scott Hall. The title of his talk is Antarctic System Science - = Early=20 Results and Emerging Priorities.

Abstract:
In the mid-1990's NSF funded the "Research on Ocean = Atmosphere=20 Variability and Ecosystem Response in the Ross Sea" (ROAVERRS) = experiment to=20 take a "systems-wide" approach to understanding the Antarctic marine = ecosystem.=20 In this talk I will discuss our results from this field program and then = I will=20 use it to illustrate the broader landscape of how the government sets = research=20 priorities and how these priorities feed into the federal budget=20 process.

Category: Scott Hall
Posted: 10/12/2007 at 15:32:23 = EDT=20 by Wesley Haines

Special BPRC Lecture on Monday, Oct. 22 at 3:30pm

Dr. = Diane McKnight=20 will be interviewing for the BPRC Directorship 21-24 Oct. =20

She = will give a=20 lecture on Monday, Oct. 22 at 3:30pm in 240 Scott = Hall. The title of her = talk is=20 Glacial Meltwater = Streams=20 of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Ecosystems Waiting for=20 Water

The = McMurdo Dry=20 Valleys of Antarctica contain many glacial meltwater streams that flow = for 6 to=20 12 weeks during the austral summer and link the glaciers to the lakes on = the=20 valley floors. Dry valley streams gain solutes = longitudinally=20 through weathering reactions and microbial processes occurring in the = hyporheic=20 zone, evident as a damp area underneath and adjacent to the stream. The = lower=20 boundary of the hyporheic zone is determined by the depth to permafrost. = On=20 sunny days, stream temperatures can reach 15 =B0C, and advection of this = warm=20 water can erode the frozen lower boundary of the hyporheic zone. In cold = summers, streamflow is fed mostly by melt from the faces of the source = glaciers=20 and a large portion of this meltwater may be stored in the hyporheic = zone and=20 then lost through sublimation, rather than discharged to the lakes. Some = streams=20 have thriving microbial mats composed of cyanobacteria and diatoms. = These mats=20 are freeze-dried through the winter and begin photosynthesizing with the = onset=20 of flow. To evaluate the longer term persistence of=20 cynaobacterial mats, we diverted flow to an abandoned channel, which had = not=20 received substantial flow for approximately two decades. We observed = that=20 cyanobacterial mats became abundant in the reactivated channel within a = week,=20 indicating that the mats had been preserved in a cryptobiotic state in = the=20 channel. Over the next several years, these mats had high rates of = productivity=20 and nitrogen fixation compared to mats from other streams. These = stream-scale=20 experimental results indicate that the cryptobiotic preservation of=20 cyanobacterial mats in abandoned channels in the dry valleys allows for = rapid=20 response of stream ecosystems to climatic and geomorphological change.=20

Category: Research and Publications
Posted: = 10/08/2007 at=20 09:02:31 EDT by Michele Larrimer

Geography 820.01 - Current Issues in Climate, Water, and Carbon

Bryan Mark at BPRC is running Geography 820.01 (Current Issues in = Climate,=20 Water, and Carbon) during Autumn quarter. The seminar, open to graduate = students=20 from all disciplines, will involve critically reviewing current research = related=20 to climate, hydrology and the carbon cycle.=20

Call#: 21506-1
Credits: = 3 or=20 5
Location: Scott Hall 136
Time: Wednesday=20 3:45-6pm^*

The climate system = mediates the=20 exchange of energy and matter at the Earth=92s surface and vitally = couples people=20 to their physical and biological environment. Water, as = solid,=20 liquid and vapor, plays a key role in the atmospheric transfer of heat, = and is=20 an essential resource for human society. A growing level of scientific=20 understanding about how humans influence climate through the moderation = of the=20 carbon cycle raises concern for the future, and = implicates=20 policy responses. The very real prospect of human induced climate change = has=20 placed a new premium on interdisciplinary scientific research to better=20 understand the complex nature of climate changes over time, anticipate = future=20 impacts, and explore the policy dimensions.

In this seminar, open to = graduate^**=20 students from all disciplines, we will engage such concerns by = critically=20 reviewing current research related to climate, hydrology and the carbon = cycle. A=20 goal will be to develop scientific literacy on issues that have broader = impacts=20 to society. Emphasis will be placed on communicating concepts clearly = and=20 sharing ideas across disciplines. We will also highlight research = conducted on=20 The Ohio State University campus, where many different academic units = are=20 engaged with related projects, and a recently proposed interdisciplinary = program=20 has been top-ranked for timely investment in excellence by the Provost = (http://oaa.osu.edu/TIE2.php<= /FONT>).=20 Specific course content will be directed by student interests, but some = possible=20 questions to be addressed include:

What are the observable changes in the = climate=20 system, and how might they impact human society? Is abrupt climate = change caused=20 by humans? How do climate changes impact the water cycle, and = availability of=20 water resources? Are storms increasing in frequency or intensity as a = result of=20 human-induced warming? How do aerosol concentrations impact cloud = development?=20 What large scale teleconnections link the atmosphere and hydrosphere, = and how=20 are they impacted under changing climate? How might alternative energy=20 development improve or degrade water quality? What adaptation strategies = and=20 policy responses are being considered to deal with these complex = problems?

Class requirements: = There are no=20 prerequisites. Each student will develop his/her own case studies to = engage an=20 issue of their choice, select readings from the current and historical=20 literature, and lead class discussion. Those completing 5 credits will = summarize=20 their research in a term paper. Attendance and active participation will = be=20 required during the weekly class that will convene in the = state-of-the-art=20 Learning Center at the Byrd Polar Research Center (140 Scott Hall).

^*class=20 time subject to change, depending on student demand

^**upper level undergraduates may also be admitted with the = instructor=92s=20 permission

Category: CWC (Climate, Water, and Carbon = Initiative)
Posted:=20 10/02/2007 at 16:45:56 EDT by Bryan Mark

OSU CWC Research shows increasing stream discharge from Andean = Glaciers

Tuesday September 4, 2007

BPRC researcher Bryan Mark (Assistant Professor of=20 Geography) and former OSU postdoctoral researcher Jeff = McKenzie=20 (McGill University) have employed measurements of changes in stable = isotope=20 ratios in streams on the western side of the Cordillera Blanca in = northern Peru=20 to show that discharge has increased by 1.6% in recent years compared to = historical data. The results demonstrate the utility of using = stable=20 isotopes to distinguish glacial- from non-glacial- melt contributions in = watersheds, and also confirm predictions of short-term increases in = discharge as=20 glaciers melt. Long-term decreases in stream discharge due to the=20 acceleration of glacial melt may have potentially devastating effects on = populations that rely on the streams for water resources. The = research,=20 undertaken as part of OSU's Climate Water and Carbon (CWC) Initiative, = will be=20 published in a forthcoming issue of the journal Environmental Science = and=20 Technology.

Category: Polar News
Posted: 09/05/2007 at 17:35:37 = EDT=20 by Wes

If you have trouble accessing pages at this website and need to = request an=20 alternate format, please contact the webmaster at .

=20

=A91998-2008 Byrd Polar Research Center.

Page last updated: Wed Sep 5 2007 11:52:05 EDT.Page generated in 0.35096 seconds.=20

');=0A= if(brackets) {=0A= document.write('>');=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= /*=0A= FREESTYLE MENUS v1.0 RC (c) 2001-2006 Angus Turnbull, = http://www.twinhelix.com=0A= Altering this notice or redistributing this file is prohibited.=0A= */=0A= var isDOM=3Ddocument.getElementById?1:0,=0A= isIE=3Ddocument.all?1:0,=0A= isNS4=3Dnavigator.appName=3D=3D'Netscape'&&!isDOM?1:0,=0A= isOp=3Dself.opera?1:0,=0A= isDyn=3DisDOM||isIE||isNS4;=0A= function getRef(i, p)=0A= {=0A= p=3D!p?document:p.navigator?p.document:p;=0A= return isIE ? p.all[i] :=0A= isDOM ? (p.getElementById?p:p.ownerDocument).getElementById(i) :=0A= isNS4 ? p.layers[i] : null;=0A= };=0A= function getSty(i, p)=0A= {=0A= var r=3DgetRef(i, p);=0A= return r?isNS4?r:r.style:null;=0A= };=0A= if (!self.LayerObj) var LayerObj =3D new Function('i', 'p',=0A= 'this.ref=3DgetRef(i, p); this.sty=3DgetSty(i, p); return this');=0A= function getLyr(i, p) { return new LayerObj(i, p) };=0A= function LyrFn(n, f)=0A= {=0A= LayerObj.prototype[n] =3D new Function('var = a=3Darguments,p=3Da[0],px=3DisNS4||isOp?0:"px"; ' +=0A= 'with (this) { '+f+' }');=0A= };=0A= LyrFn('x','if (!isNaN(p)) sty.left=3Dp+px; else return = parseInt(sty.left)');=0A= LyrFn('y','if (!isNaN(p)) sty.top=3Dp+px; else return = parseInt(sty.top)');=0A= function addEvent(obj, evType, fn){ =0A= if (obj.addEventListener){ =0A= obj.addEventListener(evType, fn, false); =0A= return true; =0A= } else if (obj.attachEvent){ =0A= var r =3D obj.attachEvent("on"+evType, fn); =0A= return r; =0A= } else { =0A= return false; =0A= } =0A= }=0A= function FSMenu(myName, nested, cssProp, cssVis, cssHid)=0A= {=0A= this.myName =3D myName;=0A= this.nested =3D nested;=0A= this.cssProp =3D cssProp;=0A= this.cssVis =3D cssVis;=0A= this.cssHid =3D cssHid;=0A= this.cssLitClass =3D '';=0A= this.menus =3D { root: new FSMenuNode('root', true, this) };=0A= this.menuToShow =3D [];=0A= this.mtsTimer =3D null;=0A= this.showDelay =3D 0;=0A= this.switchDelay =3D 125;=0A= this.hideDelay =3D 500;=0A= this.showOnClick =3D 0;=0A= this.hideOnClick =3D true;=0A= this.animInSpeed =3D 0.2;=0A= this.animOutSpeed =3D 0.2;=0A= this.animations =3D [];=0A= };=0A= FSMenu.prototype.show =3D function(mN) { with (this)=0A= {=0A= menuToShow.length =3D arguments.length;=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < arguments.length; i++) menuToShow[i] =3D = arguments[i];=0A= clearTimeout(mtsTimer);=0A= if (!nested) mtsTimer =3D setTimeout(myName + '.menus.root.over()', 10);=0A= }};=0A= FSMenu.prototype.hide =3D function(mN) { with (this)=0A= {=0A= clearTimeout(mtsTimer);=0A= if (menus[mN]) menus[mN].out();=0A= }};=0A= FSMenu.prototype.hideAll =3D function() { with (this)=0A= {=0A= for (var m in menus)=0A= if (menus[m].visible && !menus[m].isRoot) menus[m].hide(true);=0A= }};=0A= function FSMenuNode(id, isRoot, obj)=0A= {=0A= this.id =3D id;=0A= this.isRoot =3D isRoot;=0A= this.obj =3D obj;=0A= this.lyr =3D this.child =3D this.par =3D this.timer =3D this.visible =3D = null;=0A= this.args =3D [];=0A= var node =3D this;=0A= this.over =3D function(evt) { with (node) with (obj)=0A= {=0A= if (isNS4 && evt && lyr.ref) lyr.ref.routeEvent(evt);=0A= clearTimeout(timer);=0A= clearTimeout(mtsTimer);=0A= if (!isRoot && !visible) node.show();=0A= if (menuToShow.length)=0A= {=0A= var a =3D menuToShow, m =3D a[0];=0A= if (!menus[m] || !menus[m].lyr.ref) menus[m] =3D new FSMenuNode(m, = false, obj);=0A= var c =3D menus[m];=0A= if (c =3D=3D node)=0A= {=0A= menuToShow.length =3D 0;=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= clearTimeout(c.timer);=0A= if (c !=3D child && c.lyr.ref)=0A= {=0A= c.args.length =3D a.length;=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < a.length; i++) c.args[i] =3D a[i];=0A= var delay =3D child ? switchDelay : showDelay;=0A= c.timer =3D setTimeout('with(' + myName + ') { menus["' + c.id + '"].par = =3D menus["' +=0A= node.id + '"]; menus["' + c.id + '"].show() }', delay ? delay : 1);=0A= }=0A= menuToShow.length =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= if (!nested && par) par.over();=0A= }};=0A= this.out =3D function(evt) { with (node) with (obj)=0A= {=0A= if (isNS4 && evt && lyr && lyr.ref) lyr.ref.routeEvent(evt);=0A= clearTimeout(timer);=0A= if (!isRoot)=0A= {=0A= timer =3D setTimeout(myName + '.menus["' + id + '"].hide()', hideDelay);=0A= if (!nested && par) par.out();=0A= }=0A= }};=0A= if (this.id !=3D 'root') with (this) with (lyr =3D getLyr(id)) if (ref)=0A= {=0A= if (isNS4) ref.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEOVER | Event.MOUSEOUT);=0A= addEvent(ref, 'mouseover', this.over);=0A= addEvent(ref, 'mouseout', this.out);=0A= if (obj.nested)=0A= {=0A= addEvent(ref, 'focus', this.over);=0A= addEvent(ref, 'click', this.over);=0A= addEvent(ref, 'blur', this.out);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= };=0A= FSMenuNode.prototype.show =3D function(forced) { with (this) with (obj)=0A= {=0A= if (!lyr || !lyr.ref) return;=0A= if (par)=0A= {=0A= if (par.child && par.child !=3D this) par.child.hide();=0A= par.child =3D this;=0A= }=0A= var offR =3D args[1], offX =3D args[2], offY =3D args[3], lX =3D 0, lY = =3D 0,=0A= doX =3D ''+offX!=3D'undefined', doY =3D ''+offY!=3D'undefined';=0A= if (self.page && offR && (doX||doY))=0A= {=0A= with (page.elmPos(offR, par.lyr ? par.lyr.ref : 0)) lX =3D x, lY =3D y;=0A= if (doX) lyr.x(lX + eval(offX));=0A= if (doY) lyr.y(lY + eval(offY));=0A= }=0A= if (offR) lightParent(offR, 1);=0A= visible =3D 1;=0A= if (obj.onshow) obj.onshow(id);=0A= lyr.ref.parentNode.style.zIndex =3D '100';=0A= setVis(1, forced);=0A= }};=0A= FSMenuNode.prototype.hide =3D function(forced) { with (this) with (obj)=0A= {=0A= if (!lyr || !lyr.ref || !visible) return;=0A= if (isNS4 && self.isMouseIn && isMouseIn(lyr.ref)) return show();=0A= if (args[1]) lightParent(args[1], 0);=0A= if (child) child.hide();=0A= if (par && par.child =3D=3D this) par.child =3D null;=0A= if (lyr)=0A= {=0A= visible =3D 0;=0A= if (obj.onhide) obj.onhide(id);=0A= lyr.ref.parentNode.style.zIndex =3D '1';=0A= setVis(0, forced);=0A= }=0A= }};=0A= FSMenuNode.prototype.lightParent =3D function(elm, lit) { with (this) = with (obj)=0A= {=0A= if (!cssLitClass || isNS4) return;=0A= if (lit) elm.className +=3D (elm.className?' ':'') + cssLitClass;=0A= else elm.className =3D elm.className.replace(new RegExp('(\\s*' + = cssLitClass + ')+$'), '');=0A= }};=0A= FSMenuNode.prototype.setVis =3D function(sh, forced) { with (this) with = (obj)=0A= {=0A= if (lyr.forced && !forced) return;=0A= lyr.forced =3D forced;=0A= lyr.timer =3D lyr.timer || 0;=0A= lyr.counter =3D lyr.counter || 0;=0A= with (lyr)=0A= {=0A= clearTimeout(timer);=0A= if (sh && !counter) sty[cssProp] =3D cssVis;=0A= var speed =3D sh ? animInSpeed : animOutSpeed;=0A= if (isDOM && speed < 1)=0A= for (var a =3D 0; a < animations.length; a++) animations[a](ref, = counter, sh);=0A= counter +=3D speed*(sh?1:-1);=0A= if (counter>1) { counter =3D 1; lyr.forced =3D false }=0A= else if (counter<0) { counter =3D 0; sty[cssProp] =3D cssHid; lyr.forced = =3D false }=0A= else if (isDOM) { timer =3D setTimeout(myName + '.menus["' + id + = '"].setVis(' +=0A= sh + ',' + forced + ')', 50) }=0A= }=0A= }};=0A= FSMenu.animFade =3D function(ref, counter, show)=0A= {=0A= var f =3D ref.filters, done =3D (counter =3D=3D 1);=0A= if (f)=0A= {=0A= ref.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D' + (counter * 100) + ')';=0A= }=0A= else=0A= {=0A= ref.style.opacity =3D ref.style.MozOpacity =3D counter / 1.001;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= FSMenu.prototype.activateMenu =3D function(id, subInd) { with (this)=0A= {=0A= if (!isDOM || !document.documentElement) return;=0A= var fsmFB =3D getRef('fsmenu-fallback');=0A= if (fsmFB)=0A= {=0A= fsmFB.rel =3D 'alternate stylesheet';=0A= fsmFB.disabled =3D true;=0A= }=0A= var a, ul, li, parUL, mRoot =3D getRef(id), nodes, count =3D 1;=0A= var lists =3D mRoot.getElementsByTagName('ul');=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < lists.length; i++)=0A= {=0A= li =3D ul =3D lists[i];=0A= while (li)=0A= {=0A= if (li.nodeName.toLowerCase() =3D=3D 'li') break;=0A= li =3D li.parentNode;=0A= }=0A= if (!li) continue;=0A= parUL =3D li;=0A= while (parUL)=0A= {=0A= if (parUL.nodeName.toLowerCase() =3D=3D 'ul') break;=0A= parUL =3D parUL.parentNode;=0A= }=0A= a =3D null;=0A= for (var j =3D 0; j < li.childNodes.length; j++)=0A= if (li.childNodes[j].nodeName.toLowerCase() =3D=3D 'a') a =3D = li.childNodes[j];=0A= if (!a) continue;=0A= var menuID =3D myName + '-id-' + count++;=0A= if (ul.id) menuID =3D ul.id;=0A= else ul.setAttribute('id', menuID);=0A= var sOC =3D (showOnClick =3D=3D 1 && li.parentNode =3D=3D mRoot) || = (showOnClick =3D=3D 2);=0A= var evtProp =3D navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Safari') > -1 || isOp ?=0A= 'safRtnVal' : 'returnValue';=0A= var eShow =3D new Function('with (' + myName + ') { ' +=0A= 'var m =3D menus["'+menuID+'"], pM =3D menus["' + parUL.id + '"];' +=0A= (sOC ? 'if ((pM && pM.child) || (m && m.visible))' : '') +=0A= ' show("' + menuID + '", this) }');=0A= var eHide =3D new Function('e', 'if (e.' + evtProp + ' !=3D false) ' +=0A= myName + '.hide("' + menuID + '")');=0A= addEvent(a, 'mouseover', eShow);=0A= addEvent(a, 'focus', eShow);=0A= addEvent(a, 'mouseout', eHide);=0A= addEvent(a, 'blur', eHide);=0A= if (sOC) addEvent(a, 'click', new Function('e', myName + '.show("' + = menuID +=0A= '", this); if (e.cancelable && e.preventDefault) e.preventDefault(); ' +=0A= 'e.' + evtProp + ' =3D false; return false'));=0A= if (subInd) a.insertBefore(subInd.cloneNode(true), a.firstChild);=0A= }=0A= if (isIE && !isOp)=0A= {=0A= var aNodes =3D mRoot.getElementsByTagName('a');=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < aNodes.length; i++)=0A= {=0A= addEvent(aNodes[i], 'focus', new Function('e', 'var node =3D = this.parentNode; while(node) { ' +=0A= 'if (node.onfocus) node.onfocus(e); node =3D node.parentNode }'));=0A= addEvent(aNodes[i], 'blur', new Function('e', 'var node =3D = this.parentNode; while(node) { ' +=0A= 'if (node.onblur) node.onblur(e); node =3D node.parentNode }'));=0A= }=0A= }=0A= if (hideOnClick) addEvent(mRoot, 'click', new Function(myName + = '.hideAll()')); =0A= menus[id] =3D new FSMenuNode(id, true, this);=0A= }};=0A= ------=_NextPart_000_00AD_01C873B8.DB42BD60--